Introduction of RNAV1 SIDs (Standard Instrument Departure) and STARs (Standard Arrival Route) within the existing Manchester Terminal Manoeuvring Area (MTMA) in order to systemise the airspace infrastructure, Exploit existing and future aircraft capabilities to fly precise trajectories (through use of Performance Based Navigation – PBN), enabling greater flexibility in airspace design through closely spaced arrival and departure routes independent of ground-based navigation aids, Offer greater resilience against human error (pilot or controller), with fewer interactions between routes and a reduction in tactical interaction by controllers. Reduced tactical intervention will offer a corresponding increase in capacity, Locate routes where they best meet the needs of airports and flight profiles, making far better use of finite terminal airspace, Save fuel and reducing noise by enabling continuous descent approaches (CDAs) and continuous climb departures (CCDs) to be flown from/to significantly higher altitudes than available today.